【翻譯文章】It's not just you: Everything really is getting more expensive

You're not imagining things: Prices are creeping up.

Americans want to buy more stuff, and businesses are rushing to meet demand.

Unemployment is below 4% for the first time in 17 years, wages are slowly inching up, and consumers are spending money on clothes, furniture, and cars. At the same time, elevated labor, transportation and commodity costs are pinching their profit margins.

你不是在作夢:價格逐漸攀升。

美國人想買更多的東西，而企業則急著滿足需求。

失業率17年來首次低於4%，工資正在緩慢上升，消費者在衣服、傢俱和汽車上花錢。與此同時，勞動力、運輸和大宗商品成本的上升正在擠壓它們的利潤率。

Both consumers and producers are feeling the squeeze from a healthy US economy. After years of low inflation, prices rose 1.9% in March from a year ago, according to the Federal Reserve's favored inflation measuring stick.

Consumer prices were up 2.1% in April from a year ago, while suppliers paid 2.6% more.

消費者和生產者都感受到了美國經濟健康的擠壓。根據Federal Reserve青睞的通脹衡量標準，經過多年的低通彭，3月份物價較上年同期上漲了1.9%。

4月份消費者價格較上年同期上漲了2.1%，而供應商的價格則上漲了2.6%。

Auto loans are getting more expensive because the Federal Reserve is gradually raising interest rates. The 30-year fixed-rate mortgage has moved to a seven-year high above 4.6%, according to Freddie Mac.

Dozens of companies in recent weeks have said they already hiked prices or plan to in the coming months to combat inflation.

由於Federal Reserve 正在逐步提高利率，汽車貸款變得越來越貴。Freddie Mac的資料顯示，30年期固定利率抵押貸款已升至逾4.6%的7年高點。

最近幾周，有數十家公司表示，它們已經上調了價格，或計畫在未來幾個月內應對通脹。

Deere (DE) said on Friday that it would raise prices for its equipment because of higher material and freight costs.

McDonald's (MCD) and Chipotle (CMG) have raised burger and burrito prices. Amazon (AMZN) is increasing Prime memberships by 20%. Netflix made monthly subscription prices 10% higherlate last year.

Deere (DE)在週五表示，由於原材料和貨運成本較高，該公司將提高設備價格。

麥當勞(McDonald's)和Chipotle (CMG)已經提高了漢堡和玉米煎餅的價格。亞馬遜(Amazon)的會員人數增加了20%。去年年底，Netflix每月的訂閱價格上漲了10%。

Tyson Foods (TSN) is planning to make Ball Park hot dogs more expensive, while Stanley Black & Decker (SWH) will hike the prices of their industrial tools.

"We're in business to make money, and in order to do that, we have to achieve price increases to offset some of that inflation," Stanley Black & Decker's CEO said last month.

Tyson Foods (TSN)正計畫讓Ball Park的熱狗漲價，而Stanley Black & Decker (SWH)將提高其工業工具的價格。

“我們的目的就是賺錢，為了做到這一點，我們必須實現價格上漲，以抵消部分通貨膨脹的影響，”Stanley Black & Decker的首席執行官上個月說。

Oil prices crossed $70 a barrel for the first time in more than three years. Americans are experiencing it at the pump: A gallon of gas is $2.91 — 24% higher than a year ago.

油價在多年來首次突破每桶70美元。美國人正經歷著這樣的情況:一加侖汽油2.91美元，比一年前上漲了24%。

Higher oil prices will also eat into companies' margins, which could lead them to pass off the costs to consumers. Paint, chemical, consumer products and packaged food companies all depend on crude oil to produce and package their goods. Airlines, trucking, and railroad firms need fuel for transportation.

Oil is American Airlines' (AAL) second largest expense, making air travel costlier for the company. That will trickle down to customers: "I would expect you would see higher fares," American's CEO said last month.

較高的油價也會分食公司的利潤，這可能會導致他們把成本轉嫁給消費者。油漆、化工、消費品和包裝食品公司都依賴原油生產和包裝他們的產品。航空公司、卡車運輸公司和鐵路公司需要燃料來運輸。

石油是美國航空公司(AAL)的第二大支出，使得航空公司的航空運輸成本上升。這將會影響到客戶:“我預估你會看到更高的票價，”美國首席執行官上個月說。

Freight costs are climbing. There aren't enough truck drivers right now to haul all the products manufacturers are churning out around the country. That has sent shipping costs soaring.

"Any company whose product ends up on a truck is going to feel it big time," said Peter Boockvar, chief investment officer at Bleakley Advisory Group. "If anyone is going to be affected by rising freight costs, it's going to be Amazon. Raising Prime is a way of offsetting that."

運費成本在上升。現在沒有足夠的司機來運輸所有製造商正在全球生產的產品。這導致航運成本飆升。

Bleakley Advisory Group的首席投資官Peter Boockvar說:“任何一家公司的產品最終會被卡車運走，這將是一件很重要的事情。”“如果有人受到運費上漲的影響，那將是亞馬遜。”提高價錢是一種抵消的方式。

Steel and aluminum prices are also going up, a concern for consumers. Campbell Soup (CPB)said on Friday that it expected double-digit increases in the two.

鋼鐵和鋁價也在上漲，這也是消費者的擔憂之一。Campbell Soup (CPB)週五表示，預計兩家公司將實現兩位數的增長。

"A lot of that driven — or all of it driven by the impact of anticipated tariffs," Campbell's chief financial officer told analysts.

In the past, Campbell could charge consumers more, but intense competition between Amazon, Walmart (WMT), Kroger (KR) and other top grocers and retailers could soften the blow to Americans' wallets.

Campbell的首席財務官對分析師們表示:“這其中很大一部分是由預期關稅的影響驅動的。”

在過去，Campbell可以向消費者收取更多的費用，但是亞馬遜、沃爾瑪、Kroger (KR)和其他頂級雜貨商和零售商之間的激烈競爭可能會削弱美國人的錢包。

Kroger said in March that it sacrificed lower margins to keep vegetable and meat price tags down, while Walmart reported Wednesday that cheaper prices dented profit.

Household care manufacturers such as Procter & Gamble (PG) and Kimberly-Clark (KMB) have struggled to retain their pricing power against the pressure from retailers. P&G's prices fell 2% last quarter from the year prior, while Kimberly Clark's dropped 1%.

Kroger 在3月表示，為了保持蔬菜和肉類的價格，它犧牲了更低的利潤率，而沃爾瑪週三報告說，價格下降導致利潤下降。

寶潔(Procter & Gamble)和Kimberly-Clark等家居護理製造商一直難以保持定價能力，以應對來自零售商的壓力。上個季度，寶潔的價格較上年同期下降了2%，而Kimberly-Clark則下跌了1%。

原文網址   http://money.cnn.com/2018/05/18/news/companies/amazon-mcdonalds-chipotle-walmart-prices/index.html

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翻譯練習，中文僅供參考

日子 越來越難過了...

【翻譯文章】Amazon Prime members to get extra discount at Whole Foods

Whole Foods is getting even more Amazon-y.

Amazon, which purchased Whole Foods last year, is offering its Prime members an additional 10% off sale items when they shop at Whole Foods.

The additional discount will apply to hundreds of products throughout the stores. To get the discount, Prime members will have to scan the Whole Foods app at checkout, after signing into the app with their Prime membership.

全食超市正变得更加Amazon-y

去年购买了Whole Foods的亚马逊公司，提供主要会员额外的九折優惠給他們在全食超市購物。

额外的折扣将适用于商店的数百种产品。为了获得折扣，主要会员在签入该应用程序后，必须扫描整个食品应用程序。

Related: Amazon made Prime indispensable - Here's how

The new discounts will start in Florida and expand nationwide later this summer.

Earlier this year, the companies launched free two-hour delivery on Whole Foods groceries in 10 test cities, through Amazon's Prime Now service. Amazon expects to expand that offering later this year. Eligible Prime members also receive 5% back on Whole Foods purchases when using the Amazon Prime Visa card.

相於:亚马逊让主要會員成为不可或缺的——这就是它的功能。

新的折扣将从佛罗里达州开始，不久，今年夏天也將在全国推广。

今年早些时候，通过亚马逊Prime Now服务，这些公司在10个测试城市推出了免费的两小时全食品外卖服务。亚马逊预计将在今年扩大这一服务。在使用Amazon Prime Visa卡时，符合资格的主要会员还可以获得5%的全食品购买。

Amazon (AMZN) now has more than 100 million Prime members. It also announced it would raise the annual cost of membership by 20% to $119 a year, from $99.

Amazon cut prices at Whole Foods for all customers once it completed its purchase of the chain in August, and announced another round of price cuts in November.

亚马逊现在拥有超过1亿的主要会员。它还宣布将每年的会员费从99美元提高20%到119美元。

亚马逊在8月份完成了对该连锁店的收购，并在11月宣布了新一轮降价。

原文網址 http://money.cnn.com/2018/05/16/news/companies/amazon-prime-whole-foods/index.html

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翻譯練習，中文僅供參考

【翻譯練習】Facebook details scale of abuse on its site

Facebook says it deleted or added warnings to about 29 million posts that broke its rules on hate speech, graphic violence, terrorism and sex, over the first three months of the year.

It is the first time that the firm has published figures detailing the scale of efforts to enforce its rules.

Facebook is developing artificial intelligence tools to support the work of its 15,000 human moderators.

But the report suggest the software struggles to spot some types of abuse.

Facebook表示，在今年的三個月內，它刪除或增加了對大約290000個帖子的警告，這些帖子違反了其關於仇恨言論、暴力、恐怖主義和性行為的規定。

這是該公司第一次公佈詳細的資料，詳細說明了執行規則的努力。

Facebook正在開發人工智慧工具，以支援15,000名人類版主的工作。

但報告指出，該軟體很難發現某些類型的濫用。

For example, the algorithms only flagged 38% of identified hate speech posts over the period, meaning 62% were only addressed because users had reported them.

By contrast, the firm said its tools spotted 99.5% of detected propaganda posted in support of Islamic State, Al-Qaeda and other affiliated groups, leaving only 0.5% to the public.

The figures also reveal that Facebook believes users were more likely to have experienced graphic violence and adult nudity via its service over the January-to-March quarter than the prior three months.

例如，該演算法只標記了在該時間內識別38%的仇恨語音資訊，這意味著62%的語音資訊需要使用者提出報告才會被處理。

相比之下，該公司稱其工具發現了99.5%的被發現的支援伊斯蘭國、基地組織和其他附屬組織的宣傳，只給公眾留下0.5%的支持。

這些資料還顯示，Facebook認為，使用者在1月至3月的服務期間，比去年10-12月更有可能經歷過圖形暴力和成人裸體。

But it said it had yet to develop a way to judge if this was also true of hate speech and terrorist propaganda.

"As we learn about the right way to do this, we will improve the methodology," commented Facebook's head of product management, Guy Rosen.

但它表示，它還沒有找到一種方法來判斷這是否也適用於仇恨言論和恐怖主義宣傳。

“隨著我們學習正確的方法，我們將改進方法，”Facebook的產品管理負責人，Guy Rosen評論道。

Violent spike

Facebook broke down banned content into several categories:

• graphic violence
• adult nudity and sexual content
• spam
• hate speech
• fake accounts

On the latter, the company estimates about 3% to 4% of all active users on Facebook are fake, and said it had taken 583 million fake accounts down between January and March.

暴力高峰

Facebook將被禁內容分為以下幾類:

影像暴力

成人裸體和性內容。

垃圾郵件

仇恨言論

假帳戶

對於後者，該公司估計Facebook上所有活躍用戶中約有3%到4%是假的，並表示在1月至3月期間，該公司已經接收了5.83億份假帳戶。

The figures indicate graphic violence spiked massively - up 183% between each of the two time periods in the report.

It said that a mix of better detection technology and an escalation in the Syrian conflict might account for this.

這些數字表明，在報告的兩次時間內，暴力事件激增了183%。

這可能牽涉到，因為探測技術變的更好及和敘利亞衝突的升級。

A total of 1.9 million pieces of extremist content were removed between January and March, a 73% rise on the previous quarter.

That will make promising reading for governments, particularly in the US and UK, which have called on the company to stop the spread of material from groups such as Islamic State.

今年1月至3月期間，共刪除了190萬份極端主義內容，較上一季度增加73%。

這將為各國政府——尤其是美國和英國政府——提供有力的解讀，它們呼籲該公司停止從伊斯蘭國(Islamic State)等組織傳播材料。

"They're taking the right steps to clearly define what is and what is not protected speech on their platform," said Brandie Nonnecke, from University of California, Berkeley's Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society.

But, she added: "Facebook has a huge job on its hands."

加州大學伯克利分校資訊技術研究中心的Brandie Nonnecke說:“他們正在採取正確的步驟，明確界定什麼是可以的言論，什麼是不可以的言論。”

但是，她補充道:“Facebook有一項巨大的工作要做。”

'Screaming out of the closet'

The complexity of that job emerges when considering hate speech, a category much more difficult to control via automation.

The firm tackled 2.5 million examples in the most recent period, up 56% on the October-to-December months.

“從壁櫥裡尖叫出來”

如何用機器人判斷仇恨言論時，這種工作的複雜性就會顯現出來，而這一類別在自動化中更難控制。

該公司在最近一段時間內處理了250萬例，在10月至12月期間增長了56%。

Human moderators were involved in dealing with the bulk of these, but even they faced problems deciding what should stay and what should be deleted.

"There's nuance, there's context that technology just can't do yet," said Alex Schultz, the company's head of data analytics.

人類版主處理這些大部分的問題，但即使是他們也面臨著決定應該留下什麼以及應該刪除哪些內容的問題。

該公司的資料分析主管Alex Schultz表示:“有細微差別，但技術目前還不能做到這一點。”

"So, in those cases we lean a lot still on our review team, which makes a final decision on what needs to come down."

To demonstrate this, Mr Schultz said words that would be considered slurs if used as part of a homophobic attack had different meaning when used by gay people themselves. So, deleting all posts using a certain term would be the wrong choice.

“因此，在那些情況下，我們仍然依賴於我們的審查團隊，這就決定了我們需要做什麼。”

為了證明這一點，Schultz 先生說，如果作為同性戀恐懼症的一部分，在同性戀者自己使用時，會被認為是侮辱性詞語。因此，使用某個術語刪除所有帖子將是錯誤的選擇。

"But how do you know I'm gay if you're reviewing my profile?" he asked.

"For me, I put it at the top of the profile - I've come screaming out of the closet, I am very openly gay.

"But that isn't true of everyone, and we can't know that. This is a very difficult problem."

他問道:“你怎麼知道我是同性戀呢?”

“對我來說，我把它放在了最重要的位置——我尖叫著從壁櫥裡出來，我是非常公開的同性戀。”

但這不是每個人都能做到的，我們也不可能知道。這是一個非常困難的問題。

Staggering samples

In an attempt to discover what it may have missed, the social network carried out random sampling.

It took an unspecified number of posts that had been viewed on Facebook, and made a note of how often a piece of content was in violation of its policies.

The results were troubling.

驚人的樣品

為了發現它可能遺漏了什麼，社交網路進行了隨機抽樣。

該公司在Facebook上發佈了不明確數量的貼文，並記錄了一段內容違反其政策的頻率。

結果是令人不安的。

According to the sample, as many as 27 posts in every 10,000 contained some form of graphic violence. Given the 1.5 billion daily users of the service, that could means tens of millions of violent posts go unchecked every day.

The same technique estimated between seven to nine posts in every 10,000 contained adult nudity or sexual content.

根據該樣本，每10,000個中有27個貼文包含了某種形式的暴力。鑒於每天有15億使用者使用該服務，這意味著每天都有上千萬的暴力貼文未被檢查。

同樣的技術在每1萬個包含成人裸體或性內容的貼文中，估計有7到9個。

The amount of terrorism-related material was too small to sample in this way, Mr Schultz said. And on hate speech, he said, the company lacked any "reliable data" on total volume.

"We can't currently measure how prevalent hate speech violations were on Facebook, because when we're asking our representatives to go and look, 'Is this hate speech, is this not?', it is very difficult to score that.

"We're making mistakes and we're trying to get better at measuring it."

Schultz 表示，與恐怖主義相關的材料數量太少，無法以這種方式取樣。在仇恨言論上，公司沒有任何“可靠的資料”。

“我們目前無法衡量Facebook上的仇恨言論有多普遍，因為當我們要求我們的代表去看的時候，‘這是仇恨言論嗎，這不是嗎?’這是很難分辨的。

“我們犯了錯誤，我們正試圖更好地衡量它。”

'Privilege payroll'

But Dottie Lux, an event organiser in San Francisco, who campaigns against Facebook's perceived failure to combat the targeting of minority groups, said difficulty was no excuse.

“特權工資”

但是， San Francisco的活動組織者Dottie Lux表示，困難並不是藉口。其組織反對Facebook在打擊少數群體目標方面的失敗。

"I'm running out of sympathy for 'This is really hard,' because it's really not new," she said.

"They find time to release dating apps and they find time to attach to my bank account, but they don't find time to figure out who their users are."

Ms Lux, who described herself to me as a "gay Jewish lady with a gay Jewish perspective", said relying on user reports to police hate speech was fundamentally flawed because it could be abused to silence others.

"You just give people with malicious intent the ability to act maliciously," she said.

她說:“我對‘臉書說這真的很難’表示同情，因為這真的不是什麼新鮮事。”

“他們擠出時間來發佈交友應用程式，他們找到了時間來連接我的銀行帳戶，但他們沒有時間去弄清楚他們的用戶是誰。”

Lux女士稱自己是“一個猶太同性戀者”，她說，根據用戶報告對員警的仇恨言論有根本上的缺陷，因為它可以被濫用來讓其他人安靜下來。

她說:“你只是給那些懷有惡意的人可以行動去做壞事。”

Moderation army

Facebook remains coy about the make-up of its human moderation team.

It said it did try to make sure US-based workers handled incidents where an understanding of American culture was beneficial - likewise for incidents in other countries.

But Ms Lux feels the company needs to be more open.

"If you are hiring people who don't exist in certain social circles, different cultures, it's not going to be effective," she said.

"It's just going to perpetuate the same issue."

不同文化背景的員工

Facebook對其人類節制團隊的構成仍然不願直說。

該公司表示，它確實試圖確保美國員工處理那些對美國文化有益的事件——同樣也適用於其他國家的事件。

但Lux 認為，公司需要更加開放。

她說:“如果你雇傭的人不存在於某些社會圈子，不同的文化，那就不會有效。”

“這只會延續同樣的問題。”

更多詳細內容請參考bbc原文   

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翻譯練習，中文僅供參考

【翻譯文章】Apple's Tim Cook urges Duke graduates to think hard about data privacy

During a commencement address to Duke University Sunday, Apple CEO Tim Cook used some well-known platitudes, telling the students to make brave choices, rise to challenges and be unafraid to break with conventional wisdom.

He also appeared take yet another jab at Facebook and its handling of user data.

"We reject the excuse that getting the most out of technology means trading away your right to privacy," Cook said. "So we choose a different path, collecting as little of your data as possible, being thoughtful and respectful when it's in our care because we know it belongs to you."

在杜克大学(Duke University)的毕业典礼上，苹果执行官Tim Cook用了一些众所周知的陈词滥调，告诉学生们要做出勇敢的选择，勇于面对挑战，敢于打破传统的智慧。

他还出现在Facebook上的另一次攻击和对用户数据的处理。

库克说:“我们拒绝了这样一个借口，即利用技术手段获得最大的收益意味着放弃你的隐私权。”“所以我们选择了一条不同的道路，尽可能少地收集你的数据，在我们关心的时候，你要考虑周到和尊重，因为我们知道它是属于你的。”

The comment echoed Cook's earlier criticism of Facebook, which has endured months of criticism after it was revealed that a political data analytics firm, Cambridge Analytica, was able to harvest data for nearly 90 million Facebook users.

"I wouldn't be in this situation," Cook told reporters from Recode and MSNBC in March.

这一评论呼应了Cook此前对Facebook的批评。此前，Facebook被披露称，一家政治数据分析公司——剑桥分析公司(Cambridge Analytica)能够收集近9000万名Facebook用户的数据。

“我不会出现在这种情况下，”库克在3月份接受Recode和MSNBC的采访时说。

Related: Mark Zuckerberg hits back at Tim Cook

"The truth is, we could make a ton of money if we monetized our customer — if our customer was our product," he said. "We've elected not to do that."

Cook also called for increased regulation of social media and questioned whether Facebook should monetize user data on its free platforms by selling targeted ads.

Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg shot back at Cook in an interview published by Vox last month.

關於:Mark Zuckerberg回击了Tim Cook

他说:“事实是，如果我们的客户是我们的产品，我们可以赚很多钱。”“我们决定不这么做。”

库克还呼吁加强对社交媒体的监管，并质疑Facebook是否应该通过出售定向广告将用户数据货币化。

上个月，在Vox发表的一次采访中，Facebook的CEOZuckerberg回击了库克。

"You know, I find that argument, that if you're not paying that somehow we can't care about you, to be extremely glib. And not at all aligned with the truth," Zuckerberg told Vox.

Cook on Sunday again aimed to paint Apple's (AAPL) handling of user data in stark contrast with Facebook's. He credited Apple co-founder Steve Jobs with instilling within the company the drive to do things better.

“你知道，我发现这种論點:如果你不付钱的话，我们就不关心你，這根本是胡說八道。”而且根本不符合事实，”Zuckerberg告诉Vox。

库克周日再次试图将苹果处理用户数据(AAPL)的方式与Facebook的做法形成鲜明对比。他称赞苹果联合创始人Steve Jobs在公司内部逐渐灌输了把事情做得更好的动力。

"In every way at every turn, the question we ask ourselves is not, 'What can we do?', but 'What should we do?" Cook said. "Because Steve taught us that's how change happens, and from him I learned to never be content with the way that things are."

Apple has had a few tangles with privacy issues as well.

“在任何时候，我们问自己的问题都不是‘我们能做什么?’”，而是“我们该怎么做?”库克说。“因为 Steve告诉我们改变是如何发生的，从他那里我学会了永远不满足于现状。”

苹果公司也有一些隐私问题。

Related: Tim Cook disses Amazon second headquarters search

The company caught flack when it announced in February a plan to move iCloud accounts registered in mainland China to state-run Chinese servers. Apple made the move after it unsuccessfully fought to be exempt from a controversial new cybersecurity law in the Asian nation, but the decision alarmed privacy advocates.

And in 2014, hackers were able to steal nude photos from celebrities' iCloud accounts.

關於:Tim Cook在亚马逊第二总部搜索。

今年2月，该公司宣布计划将在中国大陆注册的iCloud账户转移到中国的国有服务器。苹果公司未能成功地免除在亚洲国家推出一项有争议的网络安全法律后，做出了这一决定，但该决定令隐私提倡者感到担忧。

2014年，駭客可以从名人的iCloud账户盗取裸照。

After that, Apple committed to increased transparency, and the company encrypted iPhones to make it more difficult for anyone — even authorities — to get their hands on data.

Cook, who often weighs in on social issues, also used his platform at Duke University to praise the "fearless" women who have spoken out in the #MeToo movement, the Parkland student advocating for tighter gun control, and people who "fight for the rights of immigrants."

— CNN's Sherisse Pham, David Goldman and Seth Fiegerman contributed to this report.

在那之后，苹果承诺提高透明度，并对iphone进行加密，以使任何人——甚至是官方——更难获得数据。

库克经常关注社会问题，他还在Duke University的讲台上赞扬了那些“无畏”的女性，她们在the #MeToo movement中表达了自己的观点，the Parkland的學生們主张加强枪支管制，以及“为移民争取权利”的人。

—CNN的Sherisse Pham, David Goldman和Seth Fiegerman報導。

原文網址 http://money.cnn.com/2018/05/13/technology/tim-cook-duke-graduation-speech/index.html

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